“When we study Spanish migration to Hawaii in 1907, they are considered white when compared with Native Hawaiians and Asians-but non-white when compared with others.”Īmericans wanted to get Spanish immigrants to Hawaii because they wanted to “whiten the islands,' said Fernández. But this is also contextual,” he told NBC News. “Spaniards definitely were not considered white by average American standards in the 19th century. News Latinos must confront 'ingrained' anti-black racism amid George Floyd protests, some urge

The Cornell professor sees in the Spanish-American War of 1898 an example of the politics and racial attitudes that would influence U.S. elites later applied that white settler perspective of manifest destiny to defend America’s interests as a global power-as they sought to control the Caribbean and other parts of the world. Silbey says that Roosevelt and other U.S. “Thus the thirteen colonies, at the outset of their struggle for independence, saw themselves surrounded north, south, and west, by lands where the rulers and the ruled were of different races, but where rulers and ruled alike were hostile to the new people that was destined in the end to master them all,” Roosevelt wrote in his book, “The Winning of the West: From the Alleghenies to the Mississippi.' Roosevelt would similarly champion these early trailblazers as the ultimate conquerors who shaped America’s frontier character. He would coin in that same article the term “manifest destiny” to defend the occupation of two other territories-Texas and Oregon. In 1845, journalist John O’Sullivan described an “army of Anglo-Saxon emigration” pouring into California with ploughs and rifles, and marking the territory with schools, colleges, courts, and meeting places. This popular belief defended the idea that American settlers, who were primarily white, had the right and duty to expand their territory across the North American continent from the founding 13 colonies to California. Historians say that Roosevelt’s ideas about progress and attitudes on race can be traced back to the mainstream culture of manifest destiny in 19th century America. Racism, 'Rough Riders' and the Spanish-American War While the museum stated that the way Blacks and indigenous people are depicted by Roosevelt's statue is 'racist' to many, including them, they announced that they will name their Hall of Biodiversity after Roosevelt, in recognition of his commitment to conservation. But on June 5, a man on a bike threw paint at the statue. Cuomo praised Roosevelt as a symbol of New York toughness-someone who found strength in unity and inclusivity. On May 23, two days before Floyd's death, New York Governor Andrew M. Pressure to remove the monument resurfaced when nationwide protests calling for racial justice broke out in May after the death of George Floyd at the hands of a police officer he has since been charged with murder.

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